NIST 800-171, a publication by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, outlines requirements to secure Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in nonfederal systems. One crucial section, 3.4, focuses on Configuration Management (CM). CM ensures systematic tracking and control of IT systems' configurations, including hardware, software, firmware, and documentation.

Effective CM requires establishing a baseline configuration, which acts as a reference point for approved system settings. This includes documenting and understanding all system components. NIST 800-171 emphasizes the importance of tracking and approving any changes to the baseline configuration. This helps prevent unauthorized modifications and ensures a clear understanding of the system's state at any given time.

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Following NIST 800-171's CM guidance offers several benefits. It strengthens system security by reducing the risk of vulnerabilities introduced through unchecked modifications. CM also aids in maintaining system reliability by ensuring all systems operate with approved configurations. Additionally, CM facilitates a swifter and more effective response to security incidents by providing a clear picture of the system's configuration. By implementing these controls, organizations can achieve a more secure, reliable, and manageable IT infrastructure.